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 Cahokia
was considered to be one of the greatest cities in the world even in
1250 it was larger then London England. The ancients lived along the
Mississippi River erected various structures to grandeur mounds where
they buried their kings similar to the Egyptians. The ancient city in
fact was so large that it took up over 2,000 acres and was considered
one of the most sophisticated prehistorical Native Civilization north
of Mexico.This city was inhabited from around 700 A.D to 1400 A.D. Its population in the early beginnings reached about a 1000 people and eventually at its peak its said 100k natives lived on this six mile square site. The peak of the city lasted from about 1,100 to 1200 A.D prior to that the city was just that a small city. The city had homes arranged in rows around open plazas while the outskirts of the city had agricultural fields and some smaller villages that surrounded the central part of the city. The Cahokians were rather advanced they hunted, fished, grew crops, held tribes members with various social statuses and they were in tune even with the stars hence the multiple Woodhenges which acted like a clock using the sun and moon to tell time.  The name Cahokia is that of an unrelated tribe that resided in the area when the first French explorers came here in the later 17th century. One can imagine what the French thought when they seen earthy mounds everywhere scattered about. Supposedly the natives built 120 of the earthen mounds within the city. The site has recorded at least 109 of the mounds and 68 of them today are being preserved. Others may have been destroyed due to farming and construction. What is fascinating about the mounds is over 50 million cubic feet had to be brought in of earth to create and construct them. Three types of mounds were constructed at this site the most common is your platform mound which would have been used for monumental structures for political or religious practices. Most likely buildings sat on top of these mounds. The conical and ridge top mounds found here were constructed to be used for burials or important artifacts. The largest mound at this site is called Monks Mound its about 100 feet in height and is the largest prehistoric earthen mound in North America. Monks Mound is 1000 feet long and 800 feet wide containing about four terraces each one from a different time period. Twenty two million cubic feet of earth was used to build the mound from between 900 and 1,200 A.D. The mound was named for French Monks who lived nearby in the early 1800's. Most likely the king or ruler of Cahokia would have lived on Monks Mound. Ceremonies and governing occurred here. Monks Mound supposedly was much taller but years of erosion have shrunk it down some. Monks Mound would have stood center in the city while there was a two mile long stockade with guard towers every 70 feet. It would have taken over 20,000 logs to build the stockade but the wall would not just act as a social barrier separate the elite from the commoners it also served to defend the city. Everything the natives needed here to create the city was found right on the site the wood, earth, lakes and the river. Today if you stand on Monks Mound what you will see in the distance is the city of St. Louis but back hundreds of years ago nothing was to be seen expect nature for hundreds of miles in every direction. Woodhenge is a recreation but their was at least five of them built where logs were evenly spaced between which could be used to determine seasons and align with even the stars. Its like the Stonehenge of America really if you want to put it into simpler terms. It was important for the natives to have a sun calendar so they could plant crops and prep for the change of seasons. Some excavation has been done the finds are incredible for example in mound 72 they found at least three hundred skeletons of young females which were believed to have been sacrificed. Just as they found the grave of a king who had over 20 thousand marine shell disc beads he was draped in and those that were also found at his grave site were those who sacrificed themselves to serve him in the afterlife. When excavating another mound they found four skeletons of men who had no heads or hands as they were missing. That is just some of the odd facts it almost sounds like the practices here were similar to the Aztecs, Mayans and Incans. In fact some archaeologist believe that they migrated north into America at one time so maybe their could be some similarities between these ancient people based on similar practices such as human sacrifices. When 1200 A.D rolled around the city begin to decline and by 1400 A.D. the entire city had been abandoned. Nobody knows why perhaps drought, disease, war and climate change. Nobody knows what happens their are no records, legends or even a mentioning of the city from some of the local tribes. Those tribes are the Osage, Ponca, Quapaw and Omaha for centuries thrived off the Mississippi and they were not even aware of the lore surrounding this grand city. However, local tribes do consider the site to be a place of power psychic and metaphysical energy. I did a few EVP sessions and had gotten some energy on my recorder that was without hardly any effort at all so if anything their is some level of paranormal activity haunting these mounds that is a given. I mean humans were sacrificed on some of these mounds. The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site was designated in 1964 and as a world heritage site in 1982. It boast a museum with hundreds of artifacts, depictions etc. But it also is the site of lectures, craft classes and other programs all in the process to educate others while they roam the grounds of this once great ancient city which is no more but the earthen mounds which still stand today. The Cahokians probably traded with tribes to the north in Minnesota and often other tribes referred to them s the mound builders. The city was built in a very strategic location near the confluence of the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois Rivers. Its also said that they may have traveled as far north as the Great Lakes and along the Gulf Coast to the south. They would have traded in exotic items such as Copper, Whelk Shells and Mill Creek Chert. Mill Creek Chert would be used in the production of farm tools like hoes. They needed the material so they could trade them with tribes in Minnesota, Gulf Coast, Lake Superior and Minnesota. We know this because excavations have been done finding these tools which they probably traded to other tribes in return for shells and other minerals.  Cohokia
was larger then any subsequent city in the United States until the
1780s when Philadelphia's population grew beyond 40k residents. But at
the cities high point it was the largest urban center north of the
great Mesoamerican Cities in Mexico and Central America. Problem was
that you had thousands of residents to feed and a steady supply of food
was hard to find even though herds of deer were present eventually the
area would be over hunted. It also was not a healthy place to live the
waterways were being polluted and they would have to hold social or
political events to bring in new people because the death rate was high
here. In fact when they dug up some of the mounds many of the kings did
not seem to make it past their mid 40s.By the time Cahokia came to an end the area had been over hunted, deforested and the river at times had flooded the entire area. Others felt maybe they were wiped out through warfare hence the wooden stockades and water towers especially surrounding the ceremonial area or Monks Mound. The question is why go through all this trouble to build such a fortification unless their was a threat looming over the Cohokians. Around the time the city declined their was evidence found in the sediment to show that two major floods occurred here from 1100 - 1260 and 1340 - 1460 A.D. So crops could have been washed away and most of the city may have been underwater which meant its people may have migrated elsewhere. Some people have thought of Cahokia like a fabled lost continent of Atlantis because so little is known about it. Nobody knows where its people left or why we can only speculate that its due to a variety of reasons. I mean after the city was gone the first white man to even lay eyes on it would have been Spanish Explorer Hernando De Soto in 1540. The area was very rich in timber, deer and then the rivers provided boundless supplies of fish. Really Cohokia was a pilgrimage city. People may have came here to visit, pray or be part of the various ceremonies but living here was also harsh. The Mississippians could come here for religious events but many of them did not live in the city but rather smaller villages. See other villages were built on trade routes or where their was sources for food and water. Cohokia was just built to be built it did not matter what it was near because the city mainly was built for religion it just grew to big which may have led to its demise. The natives would have hunted but also grew and stored corn. Women probably worked out in the fields, made pottery and tended to the home. Some may have woven mats and other fabrics perform their work in small courtyards and gardens near the homes as some kind of social activity. Men may have competed against one another or hunted along the river.  Religious
ceremonies would have taken place on the plazas or in buildings inside
the palisade. They believed that life went beyond just living here on
Earth that there was a spirit world. They were advanced understanding
the stars, sun and even our cycles of the moon. The tall post at
Woodhenge was used to position the rising sun to mark the summer and
winter solstices and the spring and fall equinoxes. Scholars also have
found artistic stone and ceramic figurines. They even discovered a
small copper workshop near one of the mounds. They excavated a
fireplace with coals where the copper was pounded out and annealed. In
fact they would pound and heat the copper up then allow the crystals in
the copper to realign making jewelry.Many of the women found sacrificed showed signs they were strangled to death others blood let while men were clubbed to death. Bad things happened here because most local tribes did not sacrifice its people and this practice may have came from Latin America or further South even. Its possible Cahokia was at war with other tribes given the fact that arrowheads were found at other sites but hardly any in Cahokia but of course you had the stockades to so it was well protected. Their was very little evidence to show the city was every attacked or under threat in fact it probably was the other way around. The real danger may have lurked within its walls as kings and queens fought or killed for power. This may have chased off many who migrated here but nothing is set in stone mere speculation. The real danger probably came from royalty rather then its people living segregated from the royalty. Regardless the ceremonial area was always protected by walls and guard towers especially surrounding Monks Mound. Which was rebuilt at least four different times or at least they added to the mound every so many years. The entire story of the cities decline today still remains a huge mystery. Some scholars do believe that the people of this ancient city were mere victims of social unrest, political violence, climate change and droughts. If you throw in some massive floods many people could have just migrated elsewhere after losing everything. This is a very special site a must visit if your into ancient sites of power like I am. Besides over the years their are rumors of the site being haunted and maybe it is. I had gotten some EVP's just taken a few recordings and they are authentic so if anything spirits still roam these fallen city. The place is mystical and full of energy but it also is mysterious. Nobody really knows much about the Cahokians as to where they came from or how this all came to be. Even their hierarchy was a bit strange considering other tribes did not share the same practices. Nobody knows why all of sudden a city like this formed with kings and queens or why even the mound builders hauled in that much earth. This city lasted for hundreds of years and in a sense it met its own doom or apocalypse. Its hard to know even where is people went did they morph into other tribes? migrate down to Mexico and South America? Did a giant alien Mothership abduct them to another world? Theories yes and fun to discuss but they are just that because we will NEVER know not even local tribes knew much about Cahokia except the mounds that were left behind. Copyright By Lord Rick Rowe PGS Founder, Author, Talk Show Host, Producer, Paranormal Investigator and Urban Explorer |
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