Crop Circles

What are they that's the question? Or is it why they occur? I know there is many hoaxes out there but out of the 1000s of crop circles that occur they all cannot be done by a few single handed people. Crop circles have existed for 100s of years the only difference is the wave of them for the most part occurred in the 90s. Unraveling the signs in the crop circles is another story most look like alien symbols, keys, hieroglyphics etc I do know some of the earliest crop formations appeared in china 100s of years ago of course they did not call them that. Real crop circles have burnt soil, radiation within it, no crop is broke but rather bent, and the crop is more mature then the rest of the field. What i think they are that's doing them is something of alien orgin i think that this is one way they are trying to communicate and I do not think we honestly are responding to them. They are signs for what purpose I have no idea maybe a warning that the end is near or that something is on its way here. I do think the round ones are from saucers that land out in a field and leave that impression but I think the more prettier ones that are done are done from afar by a ship maybe pointing a gamma beam or some sort of beam onto a field and that's why we do not see them because the beam is instant it hits the crops pushes them all down and you got yourself a crop circle but they are not always circular many other patters to them symbols, squares, diamonds etc. Alot of hoaxers try and take credit for them to I guess reach some fame but regardless no human could form such a grand symmetrical shape in pitch dark, 100s of feet in length over night so perfect. We are dealing with something of a higher power something we cannot grasp yet the answer does lay within the symbols.

Copyright By:

AngelOfThyNight- Rick

 
 

 

Crop Circle Theories

Of the countless unexplained events human beings have observed throughout history, few can compare to the Crop Circle phenomenon. The crop circle phenomena has puzzled and mystified humanity for many years. There is evidence of crop circles as early as 1678 in Hertfordshire, England. Since 1980, when crop circles began regularly appearing in the English countryside, curious investigators from professions as diverse as meteorology to botany to UFOlogy to Serology-- the study of crop circles- "serology" (named for Ceres, the goddess of agriculture) have devoted themselves to the study of crop circles. Even with the issue so huge, and me living near farmland I have not seen any crop circles. So I am amazed at the report below.

   What (or who) creates them is the only question to be answered. Numerous theories abound. range from energy fields, bizarre meteorological phenomenon formed by "plasma vortices" or "Plasma Vortex Theory". Which creates downward spirals of electrically charged air, mini-tornadoes, resulting in distinct patterns of flattened vegetation. The theory also holds that the electrified air would cause a light to appear above the circle and therefore account for the UFO sightings. There is a school of thought which theorizes extra-terrestrial involvement in the formation of crop circles, UFOs have been seen in the presence of crop circles. Many crop circles are formed in UFO Hotspots (such as Warminster, England) or during UFO sighting waves. Some claim it is to warn us of impending ecological disaster on Earth. Others theorize it is a way of introducing us to a "new physics". Hungry gophers are said to be responsible. Microwave energy or satellites from up high cutting swaths in farmland to the old stand by that all circles are hoaxes. Whatever the reason, for now, the question remains a mystery.

 

Serologists emphasize the fact that few crop circles are truly "circles". Many early cases featured simple elliptical shapes, more recent formations determined to be "genuine" have featured crafted circles and Celtic symbols as large as 1/8 of a mile across. The smallest crop circle reported have been 8 inch diameter while the largest was approximately an eighth of a mile long. Most "true" crop circles seem to appear overnight in crops such has barley, wheat, corn, oats, oilseed rape (canola), grass, ice fields, trees, sand, and even snow. Most crop circles appear during the spring & summer seasons throughout various regions of the world, and more than 30 countries, such as U.S., Canada, Europe, former Soviet Union, Japan, South America, Asia and Australia.

One-way serologist distinguished crop circles is by the way the stalks are bent. In "true" crop circle, the stalks are bent at the base or partially uprooted, but never broken, and they continued to grow along the ground. The visible effect is commonly compared to a "steaming" of the stalks. For whatever reasons the stems simply become limp and lay over. According to tests performed by former University of Michigan biophysicist W.C. Levengood and his associates, creation of the crop design involved the use of high heat, perhaps similar to microwave energy. Tests on clay from the soil inside the design, conducted in Salt Lake City by Diane Conrad of Meridian Environmental Co., show the ground also was exposed to a heat source. The effected areas usually return to normal after a period of time.

The stalks within each section of a design always lay in a consistent fashion. In some of the most extraordinary cases, stalks are found to be elaborately braided, layered, or interlaced to form unique herringbone patterns. Sometimes certain sections will swirl one direction and layers on top is going another direction- clockwise and/or counter-clockwise.

Some researchers have even reported lingering magnetic field disturbances in the affected area for a period time after the appearance of a new formation. There have been numerous reports of electronic equipment failing in crop circles and magnets going haywire. This would include such items as watches and mobile phones. Researchers have measured a distinct emission of energy at 5KHz emanating from fresh crop circles. This would corresponds to reports of eye-witnesses who often claim to hear a "trilling" sound coming from the direction of the formations-in-the-make.

Many people mention having some sort of physical side effect/reaction (positive or negative) during and after a visit to a crop formation. Side effects range from nausea, headaches, dizziness, tingling sensations, pains and giddiness, disruption to the menstrual cycle... to getting literally knocked off their feet! Some people subscribes to the spiritual mystery of crop circles, receiving a positive experience, and seeing them as messages in the way that musical messages were used in the plot of the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

Circular Stories, Facts and Figures

Eye-witnesses: There are around two dozen eye-witness accounts of crop circles forming. All describe similar events; an invisible force coming out of nowhere in otherwise calm conditions and spinning the crops down within seconds, usually with surprising violence - yet little damage is found in the laid crop. Tornado-like funnels, light phenomena and high-pitched whistling sounds have also been reported.

Quick on the draw: In July 1996, a 915' spiral of 151 circles appeared in full view of the busy A303 road, opposite England's ancient monument Stonehenge, Wiltshire, within a 45 minute period one Sunday afternoon. A pilot, gamekeeper and security guard confirmed it had not been there before 5.30pm - yet shortly after 6.00pm, the massive formation was spotted. Much smaller man-made designs have taken several hours to complete.

Longest crop formation: This occurred at Etchilhampton, Wiltshire, in 1996 - a chain of circles and pathways approximately 4100' long crossed from one end of a field to another.

Most circles in one formation: The record is currently held by a motif at Windmill Hill, Wiltshire, in 1999 - 288 small circles made up a cross design held within a standing square.

Largest expanse of laid crop in one design: The seven-petalled mandala which appeared at Alton Barnes, Wiltshire, in 1998 contained an unbroken flattened area 300' across.

Most geometrically perfect formation: Most would agree that the formation at Windmill Hill, Wiltshire, in 1996 takes this award - an endless procession of perfect equilateral triangles, from large to small, could be drawn by overlaying geometrical shapes onto a 1000' triple-armed spiral of 194 circles. If just one of the main circles or arms had been even slightly misplaced, this geometry would not have worked.

Most visited formation: Stonehenge, 1996 - it is estimated around 10,000 people entered this pattern, very visible next to such a major landmark.

Most publicised formation: Alton Barnes, 1990 - many global newspapers and TV stations reported the appearance of this, the first of the large pictograms.

Scientific tests: Work by Dr W C Levengood, a respected Michigan-based biophysicist, has shown notable biological changes taking place inside circle-laid stalks, which could be attributable to some kind of microwave energy. No man-made test formation has ever produced these results, yet 90% of the hundreds of crop circles sampled have proved positive in this regard. Dr Levengood’s papers have been published in scientific journals. In 1995, tests on crop formation soil samples were conducted by ADAS, a division of the English Ministry of Agriculture. Although preliminary, they showed distinct anomalies in the nitrogen/nitrate ratios which could not be explained. There have been other scientific tests carried out by different bodies over the years which have produced peculiar unexplained qualities.

Strange effects: There have been many reported effects on people’s health, sometimes of cures, sometimes of ailments, which have come on while within crop circles. Electronic and mechanical equipment, videos cameras and even combine harvesters have also been known to malfunction in very odd ways, far above the average one would expect from chance.

A Brief History of Crop Circles

When two retired English pranksters, Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, claimed in 1991 to have invented the crop circle phenomenon as a joke a decade or so earlier, they couldn't have been aware that almost 300 documented formations predated their alleged exploits. Reports go back centuries and a seventeenth century illustration even shows the figure of the Devil creating what certainly looks like the type of marking in fields which began to attract serious attention from the 1980's onwards.

Swirled into growing crops, these circular indentations of carefully flattened stems looked at first like the result of freak whirlwinds. Some were a few feet across, but others were the size of tennis courts. It wasn't long before the appearance of symmetrical patterns and other unusual variations began to throw the weather theories into doubt.

By the late 80's, rapidly increasing numbers and seemingly evolving designs, still based largely on circles, had begun to capture the public imagination. Tantalised by reports of glowing lights and other bizarre phenomena associated with the circles, everyone from UFO buffs to eminent scientists was trying to unravel the mystery.

In 1990, the arrival of 'pictograms', long symbolic chains of circles, rectangles and rings gave the crop circles their place in history. Newspapers and television channels eagerly reported these astonishing patterns. But the claims of Doug and Dave and other supposed hoaxers soon left the media disillusioned.

Despite this, crop formations continue to be discovered in designs of growing sophistication and size which leave many convinced that there is an unexplained force at work.

How many appear?

Around 250 crop designs around the world appear each year on average. Several thousand have been documented since records began.

Where do they appear?

Crop circles are a global phenomenon, but predominantly appear in the Northern Hemisphere with Southern England as the main center of activity, particularly Wiltshire.

When do they arrive?

Off-season formations have occurred, but most appear during the three main summer months of any given country.

What crops do they appear in?

Any crop can be a potential target for the phenomenon: wheat, barley and oilseed rape (canola), as the main crops grown, are the most common in England, at least, but they have also been reported in rye, oats, flax, peas, potatoes, sweetcorn maize and many other mediums, including rice paddy fields in Japan. Formations have also been found in wild grass and undergrowth.

Andy Thomas

 

 
Peculiarities of
Crop Circles

 

There are a number of observations that have been made over the years that seem to indicate that there are particular characteristics that "genuine" (or non-manmade) formations appear to exhibit. Some of the observations are listed below:

 

  • In what kind of crops do they occur? Crop circles have been reported in mostly barley and wheat. But, they also appear in corn, oats, oilseed rape (canola), grass, ricefields, trees, sand, and even snow.

     

  • Where do they appear? They have appeared on almost every continent and in over 70 countries worldwide -- including the US, Canada, Australia, Brasil, Russia, India, Germany, and South Africa. There seems to be a correlation with many forming near ancient sites.

 

  • Physical changes of plants and soil - not only does the physical appearance of seem to change (it looks dehydrated), but there is change at the molecular level. Research has been conducted over a ten year period with samples and thorough laboratory testing carried out by the biophysicist Dr. Levengood, Nancy Talbott, and John Burks -- the BLT Research Team, and a small army of volunteers worldwide. Their findings include enlarged cell walls, expulsion cavities in the nodes of the plant stalks, significantly extended node lengths, and changes to the soil composition (ie. vastly higher level of magnetite concentration) from samples taken within the crop formations in contrast to the control samples taken from outside the circles.

 

  • Reported increase in crop yield - Some farmers and researchers have independently reported greater yield in the years following the appearance of formations in their fields. In 1997, Tim Carson who farms East Field (where the "DNA" formation appeared in 1996) reported to researchers that his yield was up 30-40%. The increased yield that usually only comes with annual rehybridization (done in labs) remains the same level even in up to 5th generation crops coming from crop circles, according to researcher Steve Purkaple.

     

  • Swirl in multiple directions - many formations have complex woven patterns of the swirled crops. Not only do the plants in the formation swirl clockwise or counter-clockwise, but sometimes certain sections will swirl one direction and layers on top are going another direction. They sometimes even have multiple layers swirled in different directions.

     

  • Woven stalks - Other times the stalks are actually woven like a piece of loose cloth on the floor of the formation. This has been observed by various researchers in the UK.

     

  • Selective swirling - Even though the edges are clearly defined, sometimes stalks from the outside edge are pulled into the formation. This doesn't seem to be too unusual, but actually certain stalks from the middle of a grouping of plants gets pulled in. The ones closest to the formation do not. And this occurs around the entire edge of the crop circle. Very meticulous!

     

  • Equipment malfunctions - There have been numerous reports of electronic equipment failing in crop circles and compasses spinning out of control in & over the crop circles (when flying over in aircraft). This range of equipment includes watches, mobile phones, batteries, cameras... fortunately no pacemakers yet! No explanations for these occurences, other than the indication of a strong EM field distortions.

     

  • Emit sound at 5KHz frequency - Researchers have measured a distinct emission of energy at 5KHz eminating from fresh (few days after formed) crop circles. This corresponds to reports of eye-witnesses who often claim to hear a "trilling" sound coming from the direction of the formations.

     

  • Formations "transform" into new patterns - There have been instances where certain formations take on an entirely different appearance as they continue to grow in the field. For example, one formation got a wavy look within the center of the circle that wasn't there originally.

     

  • Anomalous EM measurements - By doing a fluxgate magnetometer survey of several formations, Colin Andrews determined that the very center of these circles measured 40-50 nano Teslas. This is 10 times the radiation level of a normal field.

     

  • Unusual bending of plant stalks - It's a widely publicized fact that plants within a formation actually bend at the naturally occuring nodes 90 degrees. This can also happen in hoaxed formations where the plant is pressed to the ground and "bends" to reach towards the light. This process known as phototropism is more pronounced in younger stalks, often reaching up towards the light in 1-2 days. However, what isn't well-known is that there is more than one possible place for bent nodes. Some formations have had stalks all bent from the same node (there are up to a half dozen nodes on one plant). Some formations show bending at the knuckle closest to the ground, yet in a neighboring section they all bend two knuckles up and so on. In the line of ~24 circles in Windmill Hill in 2000, virtually all the stalks were bent 1/4" beneath the nodes, though at completely different heights (1" to 6" range) from the ground. This means that each stalk would have to be bent individually to give that effect.

     

  • Occur far from any tramlines - many formations and plain circular "grapeshots" often occur in the middle of fields far from any tramlines without any disturbance of the surrounding crop (which is detectable). Good example is the 1996 formation in Basingstoke, Hampshire where a circle with a ring was put inside the middle of an organic oilseed rape field that had no tramlines at all and the crop was 4-5 feet tall!

     

  • Formations occur inside restricted areas - numerous accounts of crop circles appearing inside military installations that are fenced off (quite securely!) from the surrounding area. Most noteably in Wiltshire along the Salisbury Plain. Are Doug and Dave in the Army?

     

  • Geophysical features - One common denominator of many of the crop formations is that they occur over underground water supplies and land situated above chalk beds, according to researcher Steve Page. Water is a good conductor of electrical current, and could possibly be channeling the electromagnetic currents of the Earth (which is what dowsers attempt to detect). This observation may have something to do with how some crop circles are formed.

     

  • Sacred geometry - Researchers have discovered layers within layers of information contained in the crop circles themselves. There are sacred ratios, such as phi, that governs the growth process of all organic life. This is an area that requires more attention and resources, as perhaps this understanding could reveal a message or at least "higher intelligence" behind these artistic patterns.

 

  • Physical side effects - Many people mention having some sort of physical reaction (positive or negative) during and after a visit to a crop formation. Side effects range from nausea, headaches, dizziness, tingling sensations, pains and giddiness... to getting literally knocked off their feet! Sometimes the effects are felt only after leaving the formation, such as sickness or disruption to the menstrual cycle, which could be affected by the surge of energies absorbed from within the formation.

 

  • Alignment with natural features of the land - This isn't apparent from the ground, but aerial photographs have shown that often formations are imprinted on the earth in alignment with tram lines or even darkened sections on the earth. This is an impossibility without been able to see "the big picture" before permanently laying out the design.

     

 

 

Above is a few of my favorite cropcircles although there are 1000s out there these ones are most likely genuine.

 

The following outline is a summary of theories and working hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of crop circle formation. Bear in mind that there are literally thousands of scientists, mathematicians, researchers, and physicists out there who have heard of crop circle phenomena, and like yourself, harbor their own pet theories about how, why, and by whom these glyphs are produced. Keep an open mind as you scan through the ideas and conjectures. Remember that it is all too easy to grasp for certainty at the beginning of a mystery, and then all too easy to throw criticism at something which does not satisfy all the known facts. We encourage you to enter fully into this enigma, applying everything you know to what is unknown. Think of the whole phenomena as if it were an egg-shape of an ellipse. One focus of the ellipse is common knowledge, the other focus being the mystery. As you revolve around both foci, you will gradually bring a new understanding into awareness.

What is presented here is a synopsis of published findings and theories, and in no way does it pretend to be the final word. One of the interesting epiphenomena around this whole thing is the interactiveness of the formations with what various people are thinking and saying about it. Early on Terrence Meaden went public with his theory of the plasma vortex, and he treated it like a meteorology problem. Just as he had convinced the media and many leading researchers that his theory was correct....the circles began turning into pictograms, more complex, and unfortunately for Dr. Meaden, unexplainable by his vortex theory. Further stories of pattern premonitions and wish fulfillment have been common, but this will not be covered here, because we are more interested in building a bridge from conventional science to the crop circle phenomena. As the ideas and theories build up into a heady ferment of thought, most likely we'll see the crop circles step up to their new evolutionary level. This would be miraculous to see, as if it hasn't been miraculous already.

9 Basic Theories: An Overview (Colin Andrews)

1- Whirlwind Vortex
2- Plasma Vortex
3- Earth Energies
4- Extra-Terrestrial Origin
5- Underground Archaeological
6- Chemical Applications (no longer considered)
7- Hoaxes
8- God Force
9- Military Experimentation

PLASMA-GRAVITATIONAL THEORY

As members of the CCCS (Centre for Crop Circle Studies) will tell you, the varieties and types of theories abound. The CCCS began in 1990 as a collaborative effort between professional researchers, authors, gifted psychics and dowsers, to establish a base station for scientific studies of the circles. The group is presently 400 members strong around the world, based in the UK, and has branch convenors in different parts of the U.S. and Canada. The scope of the research is quite open-ended, and owing to its voluntary efforts, conducts research according to the personal predilections of its authors and volunteers. Since many members have a decidedly metaphysical bent, some of the experiments are concerned with subjective effects on people, anomalous light, sound, and otherworldly contacts. While the stated purposes of the CCCS are quite clear, the elusive nature of the phenomena itself has made it difficult if not impossible to reach a consensus of opinion over the direction of research and the validity of results.

As a member of this group for less than a year, I have heard a number of independent voices state clearly that a plasma physicist would be the most valued person to enter the fray at this point. The idea that we are witnessing a directed plasma, leaving aside the questions of origin and intent, seems to keep re-emerging. All of the eyewitness descriptions of light phenomena, the T. Meaden hypothesis of Plasma-Vortex, the microwave energy of W.C. Levengood and others tends to point to a plasma- based phenomena. Almost everyone has seen arc phenomena such as lightning, the V-shaped Tesla spark ladder of Frankenstein fame, or of more recent vintage, the clear bubble-glass discharge of rare gases which you see in night clubs. As an experimental physicist, I have used microwave cavities to locally heat a plasma, and deliver ionized gas, such as O2 and N2 mixtures to a target. For me, the assumption of plasma and microwave energies are not incompatible. It is well-known in physics that there is a characteristic "plasma frequency" which is a measure of its cut-off frequency. Frequencies below this will be attenuated and/or reflected, while the frequencies above will propagate through with a real-valued "index of refraction", ie, as if it were an optical material. The unusual feature of the crop circle plasma is that it has no obvious confining walls. In a lab-based plasma, the "sheath" is generally a magnetic field, or a standing-wave pattern of microwaves. In the case of arc-discharge, the ultra-fast current created by breakdown into ions and electrons sets up its own constrictive "sheath" by Ampere's circuit law. So where is the magnetic sheath in a crop circle? And how is it positioned so carefully?

One opinion which seems to keep rising to the surface is that there has to be a "ground component" to this whole phenomena. A number of facts support this idea. The stalks are bent at 90 degrees at a consistent distance with respect to the topsoil (1 inch is typical). The CC sites are located on ley-lines and points connecting other geographic features (ie, roads, sacred sites, farmer's plough marks, etc). One researcher has reported that there is a 90% correlation with water from the ground....and the beginning of the plant stem is arguably the locale for the highest density of flowing H2O throughout the plant. Anyone who wishes to pay respects to Gaia as the mother of this whole invention may also do so at this juncture....there is ample room for telluric forces and gravity effects. (The stalks do fall downward, after all is said and done!)

My personal opinion is that we are not even scratching the surface yet. If you look into current research in plasma physics, you will discover that resonant structures such as "flute-shaped", toroidal, or "balooning" structures can be formed inside of a plasma. If you classify the plasma as "far from equilibrium" then you are opening up a Pandora's box of unknown phenomena which may or may not be spontaneously generated. It is a generally accepted notion since Ilya Prigogine did his work on thermodynamics of dissipative structures, that in situations far from equilibrium, new order is established internally by self-organization. These new ordering "structures" tend to reflect the boundaries and "sheaths" of the host medium. Perhaps the plasma light that people have reported in crop circles is confined by sheaths of telluric fields which are geomagnetic. Then that would imply that earth fields are moveable and have fluid properties. Personally, I like what Barbara Hand Clow mentioned in her new work, The Pleadian Agenda (see reference). While speaking from her "Satya" channel, she mentioned that Pleadians consider the interaction of gravity and stellar light to be the most essential in-formation. (read: "inner formation"). I think that stellar light is the capstone of the creative pyramid, which guides and directs certain transformations of matter and energy. In this scheme, a plasma is only the fourth phase of matter out of seven, with gases, liquids, and solids toward the base of the pyramid. Gravity is the matrix which binds and gives continuity....in the sense of Einsteinian curved space around matter. Gravity is traction, while stellar light is inclination. Stellar light might be the plasma that appears during crop circle formations, but governed internally by a genius loci, not a laboratory emulation. (The dictionary defines "genius loci" to be the presiding deity or spirit of a place....it has the same root that appears in genesis and generation.) I think that to procede further along the lines of these admitedly "New Age" ideas, one would have to look closely at the evidence of the plants themselves, to see what specifically has been transformed. Is it the conversion of ammonia in the nitrogen cycle? Is it the cell turgidity changed by some water diffusion process that has been altered? Are the dissolved gases in the xylem tubes the same concentrations as in the control samples? Or are the changes affected entirely at the genetic level, and somehow rapidly dispatched into new cell copies? (This would accord with B.H. Clow's channeled message that DNA has a "stellar component".)

In the long view, it may not even matter what the current theories and public disclosures proclaim. The fact that you became interested, and opened up just enough to look at some new ideas......THAT might be the best occurence yet!
-B.H.

WHIRLWIND VORTEX (also known as PLASMA VORTEX)

The first theory proposed by Dr. Terrence Meaden in the 1980's attempted to explain all spirally generated circle patterns as a product of entirely natural atmospheric phenomena. Meaden likened the vortex to dustdevils, tornados, etc., but also including friction-generated plasma which could account for the anomalous light phenomena which many eyewitnesses had seen. Meaden claimed the forces involved were hitherto "unrecognized helical or toroidal forces" which had "subsidiary electromagnetic properties due to self-electrification." The vortex would presumably form high above the ground, then suddenly "breakdown" to the ground level in an axial strike. The theory was plausible for a number of years, with further corroboration obtained in Japan by Dr. Y.H. Ohtsuki and Prof. H. Ofuruton. Their lab reserach produced similar vortices by electrostatic discharge and microwave interference. Theoretical work on the plasma-vortex was carried out by Prof. H. Kikuchi, Japan, who modeled the vortex using energy potentials including an interaction term between an axial electric field and the earth's magnetic field.

Although Dr. Meaden was possibly the first to equate a meteorological event with a plasma-vortex, the term is not new to plasma physics. A 1970 Nobel Prize winning physicist, Hannes Alfven, developed several theories of wave propagation in plasmas. His broad vision embraces interstellar and laboratory phenomena, for he was interested in those properties of lab plasmas which could be used to form a cosmogony (a theory of evolution). The bulk of his work relates to magnetohydrodynamics, an area of plasma physics which investigates acoustic and magnetic interactions within an electrically conductive fluid or gas. It is an advanced subject, but Alfven wave concepts are at heart quite intuitive.

Basically, Alfven waves are ripples or propagating waves on top of plasma-vortex structures. The vortex structures themselves form spontaneously within a plasma from shear flows and instabilities. Once formed, however, they can propagate waves in various modes, as well as deliver momentum across large distances. How does this relate to crop circles? A plasma-vortex structure such as a toroid, or a moving spiral, can explain the gentle "groomed" appearance of the plant stalks after a formation has occured. The stalks show no mechanical chafing or damage, which would be the case if struck by a sudden whirlwind or tornado. I believe that Alfven waves create the final "push" which pulsates along the axes of vortex structures. How these are generated, and where they begin is still quite an intruiging mystery.

The whirlwind vortex, or upward-axis vortex as it was promulgated by Dr. Meaden, was sufficient to explain all of the true "circles" appearing in the 1980's. However, the whirlwind theory became public "disinformation" as soon as the first large-scale pictograms began appearing in Britain as early as 1990. This new dimension to the shape of the phenomena began to inform people that much larger, more complex forces were at work. It could no longer be a simple combination of "hitherto unrecognized" natural forces. In addition to the anomalous light phenomena, several more reports of a 5KHz "trilling sound" were taken from witnesses in the vicinity of the formations, none of which could be explained by revolving wind and charge clouds. Straight lines began to appear in the pictograms, with stems of the plants lying parallel to the outer contours of the lines. Obviously, Meaden's theory was in need of modification.
-B.H.

EARTH LEY-LINES AND GAIA HYPOTHESIS

The unusual nature of the crop formations attracted many other researchers from outside of strict materialistic science. Ever since the early '80's when the basic circles became a frequent overnight appearance in southern England, archeologists, mystics, ecologists, and specialists in indigenous cultures began to recognize the symbolism in the shapes of the circles, as well as their proximity to known sacred sites. In particular, the complex of megalithic henges known as Avebury and Stonehenge, with the related earthmound of Silbury Hill and the original site of Salisbury at Old Sarum, were host to many of the circle formations in the late 80's and early 90's. The ancient arts of geomancy, sacred geometry, and dowsing were given new life, at least from a speculative point of view, in relation to the circle sites and the network of earth energies known as ley-lines. While the original meaning of "ley-lines" has been lost to us, it was considered by historians of sacred sites to be a "vital current" which flowed through the earth, often running huge distances.

We can only speculate today that it may have something to do with either geomagnetic activity of the earth's crust, or perhaps charge accumulations from groundwater running through porous chalk deposits, known to be ubiquitous in the U.K. Such charge accumulations can redistribute and spill over to other sites on the ground, giving a "moving target" for electrical discharges coming from the air. Here we are on thin ground because we are trying to apply modern science to ancient religious custom and belief. The ancient indigenous tribes may well have had a direct understanding of earth cycles and "ley lines" which they used to build their religious and archeo-astronomical sites. The only remaining connection between crop circles and the ancient peoples are to be found in symbol and legend, also in ancient prophecy. The Mayan and Hopi religion are two examples of cultures which maintained prophecies of signs appearing at the end of the millenium, although the details and references are beyond the scope of this outline. Certain similarities can also be drawn between the pictograms in the crops and cup-and-ring markings on the stones of pre- historic sites in Britain, Ireland, and Whales, but it is not known what kind of knowledge and communications these pre-historic people actually had.

The Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock has had considerable support since the appearance of crop-circle phenomena, and this is closely related to earth energies. The Gaia approach is a holistic, all-encompassing way of looking at earth phenomena in terms of a vital, living being which is self- protective and self-adaptive to its own environmental stresses, much the same way an organism or an animal would respond to external and internal stimuli. The controversial aspects of Lovelock's hypothesis are the cybernetic versus the organismic components. If a natural feedback cycle--- suppose we take the nitrogen cycle of plants for instance--displays parts which behave in a predictable, controlled feedback loop, then Gaia is demonstrating a cybernetic feature. However, if we see a unique and creative response to known stimuli, then Gaia evinces an organismic feature. Scientists generally find this dualism to be a logical contradiction. If there seems to be a larger, global purpose at work, then local phenomena cannot be reduced to a mechanism...which is generally maddening to most scientists. The crop circles tend to fall into this category of "organismic" responses, and most scientists, lacking solid answers to the "how" of crop circles, would like to bow out of the "why" of crop circles altogether.

There are exceptions, however. Researchers such as Colin Andrews and Pat Delgado, authors of the best-selling books Circular Evidence and Crop Circles: The Latest Evidence, have embraced the Gaia hypothesis as a meaningful explanation that the earth is now undergoing a realignment. It can no longer support the anti-life tendencies and continuous disregard the human populations have shown, and seeks to readjust all forms of consciousness to its new directive. The crop circles are a "spiritual nudge" which is designed to awaken us to our larger context and milieu, which is none other than our collective earth soul. This type of theory is teleological, in that it answers more of the "why"-type questions regarding purpose, instead of the "how"-type questions usually posed by modern academic science. It is legitimate, and avoids the myopic views of cybernetic and mechanistic reductionism.

Both the earth energy and Gaia approach to understanding the whole crop-circle phenomena will be needed if one is to arrive at a satisfying explanation. There are just too many factors surrounding the placement of CC's, their juxtaposition to known sacred sites, their inherent symbolism, and of course, their arrival at this time for anyone to ignore the earth connection. It is a shortcoming of modern science that it places too much emphasis on technology and economically-driven research. This leaves us largely unconscious of the larger forces of nature which environ us but are only recently beginning to be felt.
-B.H.

MICROWAVE TRANSIENT HEATING

Several years of incomplete theorizing, and still more circles appeared with similar characteristics. In January 1991, Dr. William C. Levengood approached Pat Delgado with an offer to apply some scientific methods to study the affected plants. Dr. Levengood has impressive credentials which include six patents and fifty papers for international scientific journals. He is a biophysicist who specializes in bioelectrochemical energies in plants and seeds. Working out of his Pinelandia Biophysical Lab in Michigan, he proceeded to examine many samples of affected stalks using microscopic techniques. One of the qualitative features which emerged directly from his comparison of affected plants versus control plants (obtained from the same fields) was the expansion of the "nodes", or elbow points along the stalks. In these particular regions, expansion of the cell walls had occurred, as well as enlarging of the "pits" or exchange pores in the cell walls. These holes are the exchange sites for ions and electrolytes in water to transport into and out of the cells. The curious feature about these holes was their sharp outline of trapezoidal-shaped edges, as opposed to a rather flat round appearance in the control samples.

Furthermore, Dr. Levengood performed an analysis of seed embryos from the glumes (husks) of the plant heads. In 40% of the glumes he found seed deformation of some kind as compared with the controls. "Most of these deformations can be explained by premature dehydration of the seeds," according to Dr. Levengood. However, a large fraction of these glumes showed "alterations" which he has assumed are genetic, but are rare conditions of "polyembryony" and arrested growth of the embryos without the next layer of endosperm. To study this condition further, he has proceeded to grow new generations of these affected seeds, and the results have been remarkable. I leave it up to the reader to find Dr. Levengood's paper and learn more. (See reference at end.)

In some of these affected nodes, there was a split or hole opening to the outside air, indicating that some internal pressure had released at that point. It is known that the node areas contain more water per volume than other areas of the plants, so it appeared possible to Dr. Levengood that some kind of steam heating was taking place. He was also able to bend nodes of unaffected plants quite readily after a brief exposure to microwaves in a standard microwave oven. This result, coupled with the alternation of the seeds has led Dr. Levengood to a working hypothesis of microwave-type energy at work, rapidly heating and depleting the stored water regions within the nodes. It is known from military research and development that microwave radiation in the low gigahertz range can be directed from far away, provided that atmospheric conditions are permitting. (There has never been a report of a crop circle being formed in a rainstorm, for example.) The genetic part of the seed alteration cannot be explained by microwave radiation alone. For this, Dr. Levengood is simply reporting observations, and not jumping to any conclusions about genetic changes.

Other researchers, such as Omar Fowler have also concluded that microwave radiation is involved based on his study of "crease and burn marks" in the plant stems. He saw single standing stems of 22 inch height consistently in otherwise flattened circle areas. He believes this to be consistent with microwaves in the low gigahertz range of frequency. Another current researcher in the public eye, Roy Dutton, has assumed a microwave radiation combined with gravitational waves is responsible. Although he does not develop a model for the radiation interaction, he has put together a computer model of the flattening process which mimics the layout of the plant stalks remarkably well.
-B.H.

 

References:

Bartholomew, Alick, Crop Circles - Harbingers of World Change, 
Bath, UK: Gateway Books, 1991.

Clow, Barbara Hand, The Pleiadian Agenda--A New Cosmology 
for the Age of Light, Santa Fe, NM:Bear & Co., 1995, pp. 65-66. 

Hesemann, Michael, The Cosmic Connection: Worldwide Crop 
Formations and ET Contacts,  Bath, UK:Gateway Books, 1995;  in 
particular see chap. 7,         "A Solution to 
the Mystery?"p.77.

Hollweg, Joseph V., "Alfven waves," McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia 
of Science and Technology, Vol. 1, 1993,  pp. 351-354.

Levengood, W.C., "Anatomical Anomalies In Crop Formation 
Plants," Physiologia Plantarum, 92:356-363 (1994).

Lundin, R. and Marklund, G. "Plasma-Vortex Structures and the 
Evolution of the Solar System -- The Legacy of Hannes Alfven," 
Physica Scripta, T60:198-205(1995).

Nicholson, S. and Rosen, B.(ed.), Gaia's Hidden Life: The Unseen 
Intelligence of Nature, Wheaton, IL:Quest Books, 1992.  See 
Lovelock, James, "What Is Gaia?", p59.

Noyes, R. and Taylor, B., The Crop Circle Enigma, Bath, 
UK:Gateway Books, 1990.  In particular, see Meaden, T. "Crop 
Circles and the Plasma Vortex," p.76, also Wingfield, G., "Beyond 
the Current Paradigms", p.99.

 

The History of Crop Circles

by

David Kingston 1998©

 

I have been researching the Crop Circle phenomena since I saw my first one in 1976. I had been on a “night watch” for UFO’s on Clay Hill in Warminster. Three separate orbs of approximately six feet in diameter of coloured light had been weaving around and above us for some three hours on the top of Clay Hill, merging at times into a single globe and then separating again above us, suddenly one of the orbs descended to some thirty feet above us and then flew down into a field at the base of Clay Hill. As dawn broke I noticed a flattened circle in a field of wheat. On inspection there were no broken stalks just a perfectly flattened circle some thirty feet in diameter. At that particular point in time I had seen and had knowledge of the famous “Tulley UFO Nests” in 1966 at Australia but had not heard of anything of a similar nature in this country. There then appeared to be a lapse in the appearances of any Crop Circles despite my search and request for any information on them until the early 1980’s.

In my search and research for them during that period of time I uncovered a mention of them in early French literature (800AD). The Bishop of Lyon at that time had written to the local parish priest who was taking over his parish just outside of Lyon. The contents of the manuscript were basically to warn the new priest that there had been “devil worship” by his local parishioners who were collecting seeds out of “flattened circles” and using them for fertility rites.

I spoke to quite a few farmers who remembered seeing “odd shapes” in their fields or their parent’s fields when they themselves were young but no real proof. I uncovered information from a second world war pilot who had been returning to RAF Tangmere after an aerial reconnaissance mission over Germany, as he approached the grass runway at his base he saw two flattened circles in the nearby growing cereal crop and photographed them not knowing what they were. I tried in vain to locate these two black and white photographs, which the pilot remembered were handed on the aerial reconnaissance film but once again to no avail. The pilot remembers seeing the film with the German aerial photographs and the two crop circles on it at his debrief which were then sent to the Air Ministry Intelligence at Whitehall.

During the early 1980’s there were simple circles appearing in cereal crops ranging in sizes from ten to thirty feet in diameter but as we moved into the latter half of the eighties more complex shapes started to form which generated a lot of media attention. We had a definite evolution happening with the Crop Circle Formations or Crop Glyphs as they were called and lots of theories being put forward as to the causes ranging from meteorological effects, military experiments through to UFO’s and encounters of the human kind. They were, and do not only appear during the hours of darkness, they were and still do not only appear in just summer cereal crops, but in grass, stinging nettles, winter crops such as beet and kale, sugar cane, underwater in rice paddy fields in Japan, in the snow 13,000ft up in the mountains in Afghanistan, in fact world wide, not just restricted to Southern England as quite a few people believed such as the two famous Doug & Dave.

These two hoaxers had claimed to have made all the crop circles in England since 1970’s; little did they know then the extent of the formations. Yes, each year we do have formations that are man made, this is in no dispute with any of the researchers, but this does not account for remaining ones for which there appears to be no logical explanation.

With my investigations into the UFO enigma since the 1950’s I felt, and still do, that there is a link and in 1988 I started up my own research unit called Crop Phenomena Investigations.

Since that period I have been working with several institutes including the famous Dr. William Levengood’s laboratory in America.

He is a biophysicists and with his team carry out research on all samples sent to him from around the world that are taken out of Crop Circle Formations including the ones from this country. He has had his research papers published in several scientific journals worldwide.

What do we really know in regards to the formations?

Fact, we know from the scientific research that I am involved in that they are (the genuine formations) formed by an energy, which has the ability to alter the molecular structure of the plant without damaging it and the ability to alter the growth rate and pattern. This same energy has produced numerous photographic anomalies.

Fact, There is a distortion in the earth’s electromagnetic field, sometimes a ghost image a short distance from the original formation.

Fact, spheres of light have been recorded on film in the formations, also military helicopters seen flying over these spheres apparently taking quite a keen interest in them.

Fact, the energy involved appears to be benign and to my knowledge is not used on this planet.

Fact, some formations radiate a frequency at approximately 7.5hz in the electromagnetic spectrum but this can vary from formation to formation. Many researchers and the BBC Television whilst filming in a formation have recorded it. I, recently using the aid of a computer and a specialised programme, have discovered that these beautiful creations of art in the fields are capable of producing the most unusual sounds and music.

Fact, this same frequency has been picked up many times in close proximity to UFO sightings.

Fact, despite several ploughings after the crop has been harvested the shape of some of the formations have remained, in some cases, in the soil for at least six months. This cannot be achieved by “crop formations” made by humans.

Fact, in some of the formations, compasses rotate at will denoting a magnetic anomaly present, camcorders, cell phones and other battery run equipment have displayed a discharged battery state when this is not the case.

Fact, crop outside of the formation does not display the same characteristics changes in cell structure as the crop found inside.

Fact, there is no level of consistency, in some formations we have the sound factor, the magnetic anomalies, photographic anomalies and the lasting impressions in the soil but this is not to say you will find one or all of these in the next formation you visit but it can still turn out to be part of the genuine article.

Fact, if no human being goes into a formation the crop will continue to grow and the farmer will not lose any crop, only possibly what the birds will eat by the downed seeds.

Fact, farmers have combined the formations from their fields to avoid damage by the members of the public when they have occurred only to find another one appear a short distance away the following day.

Fact, mineralogist Sampath Iyengar of Technology of Materials Laboratory examined the degree of crystallinity (the ordering of atoms) in soil samples taken from within the formations using X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope. He was shocked to find a temperature of between 1,500 and 1,800 degrees F would be required to alter the soil crystallinity to the level found and this of course destroy any plants in the formation.

Fact, each year human beings causing untold criminal damage to crops create a large number of formations, and my sincere sympathy goes out to the landowners. I just wish more landowners would prosecute these criminal vandals.

Scientific papers have been recently released on the research carried out by Dr. William Levengood and are available to the general public for a small fee to cover the costs of package & postage from the United States of America. I have the research laboratory's address on my web site. Lucy Pringle, a fellow researcher, has carried out over the past seven years the physical and physiological effects the formations have had on human beings. I would like to thank her for allowing the use of her superb aerial photographs that she takes to accompany my article.

So what are we left with? Beautiful geometric patterns in the fields, which defy our laws of logic, physics and reasoning but none the less, keep appearing worldwide. This does not include the large number that are man-made.

They appear to have a very spiritual, profound effect on all who visit or research them; perhaps if nothing else this is their reason.

Like the UFO scenario, there have been cover-ups with the Crop Circle Formations, they are a mystery which one day mankind will know, for the truth is out there, if you know where to look.

 

Web Site: http://www.thecropcirclewebsite.50megs.com

 

Email: davidkingston@btopenworld.com